CDS Exam Pattern 2024, Marking Scheme IMA, INA, AFA and OTA

Introduction

The Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts Combined Defence Services exam or the CDS Exam twice a year. This exam acts as an entrance test for admission into the various military academies. These academies are Indian Military Academy(IMA), Indian Naval Academy(INA), Air Force Academy(AFA), and Officers’ Training Academy(OTA).

To create a preparation strategy, all the candidates at first must be aware of the CDS Exam Pattern and the syllabus. This article will cover all the details about the CDS Exam Pattern 2024.

This blog will help candidates to understand other details like marking scheme for IMA, INA, AFA and OTA (negative marks for every incorrect answer), duration of each exam and much more.

UPSC CDS Exam Pattern Overview 2024
Exam Mode	Offline
Sections	Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA) and Air Force Academy (AFA)- Three Officers’ Training Academy (OTA)- Two
Language of exam	Hindi and English
Exam Duration	Two hours for each section of the test
Total Marks	IMA, INA and AFA- 300 OTA- 200(It consists of 2 exam)
Exam Type	MCQ (Multiple Choice question)

CDS Exam Pattern 2024 - Written Test

CDS Exam Pattern 2024 is not same for all military academics. The exam conducted for the Officers’ Training Academy(OTA) is slightly different in terms of total number of sections. However, the questions in both papers will be objective type only. The exam will be in both English and Hindi language. Details of the exam are as follows:

CDS Exam Pattern For Indian Naval Academy (INA), Indian Military Academy(IMA), and Air Force Academy(AFA)

There will be three sections in the exam English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics. Each section will carry 100 marks and the duration will be 2 hours and for every incorrect answer one third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted. Maths and GK question paper will be in both English and Hindi language.

Subjects	Exam Duration	Total Questions	Marks
English	2 hours	120	100
General Knowledge	2 hours	120	100
Elementary Mathematics	2 hours	100	100

CDS Exam Pattern for Officers’ Training Academy (OTA)

Elementary Mathematics section is not included in this exam. All other aspects like duration, exam language and total marks, negative marking scheme are same for this exam.

Subject	Exam Duration	Total Questions	Marks
English	2 hours	120	100
General Knowledge	2 hours	120	100

Marking Scheme For CDS Exam 2024

CDS written exam is in MCQ format and there will be four options for each question and for every wrong answer, every incorrect answer one third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted

If for a single question two or more choices have been marked as answers, it will be considered as wrong answer and as of penalty one third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted same as mentioned above.

There will be no penalty for unattempted questions

CDS Exam Details	Mathematics	English Exam	General Knowledge
Total marks	100	100	100
Marks for Negative marking	-0.33 marks for each wrong answer	-0.33 marks for each wrong answer	-0.33 marks for each wrong answer

CDS Syllabus 2024

Now you are aware of the exam pattern and marking scheme, have a look at the basic overview of the CDS exam Syllabus.

English

This section will evaluates candidates’ understanding of English. The level of English will be such as may be expected of a graduate of an Indian University.

Reading Comprehension.
Spotting the Error
Synonyms & Antonyms.
Idioms and Phrases.
Sentence Arrangement or Jumbled.
Ordering of words in Sentence.
Sentence Improvement or Sentence Correction

General Knowledge

Current affairs
Indian History
Political Science
Economics
Geography
Environment

Elementary Mathematics

Arithmetic
Geometry
Algebra
Trigonometry
Mensuration
Statistics

CDS exam Syllabus for OTA

Topics covered in CDS OTA examination are GK and English and the syllabus is same as for INA, IMA, and AFA. The only difference is that OTA exam doesn’t include mathematics.

FAQ

Yes, for every wrong answer one third of the marks assigned to that question will be deducted.

No, the exam pattern for OTA is slightly different from IMA, INA, and AFA because these 3 have three sections in exam (English, General Knowledge, Elementary Mathematics), while OTA has only two (English and General Knowledge) but the syllabus is same for all.

General Knowledge and Elementary Mathematics exam is in both Hindi and English language.

No, Maths is not included in OTA exam.

Bachelor's degree is necessary from a UGC(University Grants Commission) recognized university.

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It is important to understand the CDS Exam Pattern 2024 for all the candidates who are aiming to join Indian armed force, this will help them to prepare for the exam. For IMA, INA, and AFA, there will be three exams: English, General Knowledge, and Elementary Mathematics, 100 marks each and. Syllabus for OTA candidates is same, the only difference is that they don’t have to give Maths exam. So, create your study schedule based on the exam syllabus, and prepare for your CDS Exam 2024.

If you need help for the CDS exam, Cadets Defence Academy, Best CDS Coaching in Dehradun will help you do so. With our experts guidance and comprehensive study materials, you will have all the skills and knowledge required to prepare for CDS exam.

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How to Improve Reasoning for AFCAT Exam

How to Improve Reasoning for AFCAT Exam Table of Contents The Air Force Common Admission Test (AFCAT) is your ticket to a prestigious career in the Indian Air Force. Among the many sections of this competitive exam, the reasoning section plays a significant role in determining your overall performance. It’s a blend of logic, quick thinking, and problem-solving skills—all under strict time constraints. If the reasoning section seems intimidating, don’t worry, This guide will help you crack it with effective strategies and proper resources. Understanding the Reasoning Section of AFCAT Let’s start with the basics. The reasoning section in AFCAT isn’t rocket science, but it does require a good grasp of logical thinking and analytical ability. This section tests your ability to analyze patterns, relationships, and sequences. The questions typically revolve around topics like: Coding and Decoding Blood Relations Direction Sense Series Completion Venn Diagrams It’s not just about solving these questions; it’s about solving them quickly and accurately. Each right answer boosts your confidence and brings you closer to that dream career. Common Challenges Faced in Reasoning for AFCAT Alright, here’s the thing: reasoning sounds fun, but when you sit down to solve, it’s not uncommon to feel stuck. Time Crunch: The clock is always ticking, and even simple questions can feel overwhelming under pressure. Overthinking: Sometimes, the obvious answer is the correct one, but we tend to complicate things. Weak Fundamentals: Without a clear understanding of basic concepts, it’s easy to make mistakes. Panic Mode: One tricky question can spiral into self-doubt, making you lose focus. But hey, challenges are meant to be tackled, right? Let’s dive into strategies that’ll make reasoning your favorite section. Effective Strategies to Improve Reasoning Skills Improving reasoning isn’t just about practicing more—it’s about practicing smart. Master the Basics:Start by revisiting fundamental concepts like syllogisms, seating arrangements, and series. Apps and online resources offer interactive quizzes to make learning fun. Practice Regularly:Make reasoning a daily habit. Even 20 minutes a day can improve your speed and accuracy. Try mock tests, sectional tests, and previous year’s question papers. Analyze Your Mistakes:Got a question wrong? That’s okay, spend time understanding why. Was it a conceptual error or a silly mistake? Fixing errors sharpens your approach. Use Tricks and Shortcuts:Memorize common patterns, such as alphabetical positions or number series rules. These hacks save precious seconds during the exam. Group Practice:Studying with friends lets you exchange tricks and learn from others’ approaches. A bit of healthy competition doesn’t hurt either. Simulate Exam Conditions:Take timed tests to get comfortable with exam-like pressure. This helps you build both speed and confidence. Time Management Tips Time is the golden key in reasoning. Here’s how to make the most of it: Categorize Questions: Start with easier ones to secure marks quickly, then tackle the trickier ones. Don’t Linger: If a question feels like a roadblock, skip it and move on. Come back to it later if time permits. Track Progress: Practice solving 10 questions in under 5 minutes and gradually increase your speed. Prioritize Clarity Over Speed: Speed matters, but accuracy is non-negotiable. A wrong answer can cost you marks. With time management strategies in place, the reasoning section becomes less of a sprint and more of a steady run. Resources to Ace Reasoning for AFCAT When it comes to cracking reasoning for AFCAT, resources matter. Books: A Modern Approach to Verbal & Non-Verbal Reasoning by R.S. Aggarwal Analytical Reasoning by M.K. Pandey Apps: Pocket Aptitude Logical Reasoning Daily Quiz Study Groups:Join AFCAT-specific Telegram or WhatsApp groups to exchange tips and resources. Investing time in the right tools ensures your preparation is efficient and comprehensive. Common Mistakes to Avoid When preparing for the reasoning section, it’s easy to fall into traps. Here’s what to steer clear of: Ignoring Weak Areas: We all have topics we dread, but neglecting them only widens the gap. Face them head-on with focused practice. Rushing Through Questions: In the quest for speed, don’t sacrifice accuracy. A hasty guess might cost you dearly. Skipping Mock Tests: Tests mimic real exam conditions, helping you identify strengths and weaknesses. Avoiding them is a missed opportunity. Over-reliance on Shortcuts: Tricks are helpful, but they’re not substitutes for strong fundamentals. Strike a balance. By avoiding these pitfalls, you can prepare more confidently and effectively. Conclusion Mastering the reasoning section for the AFCAT exam requires a blend of strategy, consistency, and confidence. By understanding the question patterns, tackling challenges, and leveraging the right resources, you can improve your reasoning skills significantly. Whether it’s acing Venn diagrams or solving puzzles with speed, every effort you put in gets you closer to your dream. So, start now, and take each day as a step toward success. Remember, the journey to cracking reasoning for AFCAT begins with a single question. Are you ready to ace it? Cadets Defence Academy FAQ: How to Improve Reasoning for AFCAT Exam 1. Why is the reasoning section important in the AFCAT exam? The reasoning section assesses your logical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and decision-making skills under pressure. Performing well in this section boosts your overall score and demonstrates your aptitude for the Indian Air Force. 2. What types of questions are asked in the reasoning section of the AFCAT exam? The reasoning section includes questions on: Coding and decoding Blood relations Direction sense Series completion Venn diagrams Puzzles and seating arrangements 3. What are the common challenges faced in AFCAT reasoning preparation? Common challenges include: Managing time effectively during the exam Overthinking simple questions Lack of understanding of fundamental concepts Losing focus due to tricky or unfamiliar questions 4. How can I improve my reasoning skills for the AFCAT exam? Here are some strategies: Revisit and master basic concepts. Practice daily using mock tests and previous papers. Focus on understanding and correcting your mistakes. Learn tricks and shortcuts for faster calculations. Simulate exam conditions during practice. 5. How much time should I dedicate to reasoning preparation daily? Dedicate at least 20–30 minutes daily for consistent reasoning practice. Increase the

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How to Improve Numerical Skills for AFCAT 2025?

How to Improve Numerical Skills for AFCAT 2025? Table of Contents Preparing for the AFCAT exam can be a game-changer for aspiring candidates, especially when it comes to the numerical ability section. Whether you’re aiming for the Air Force or any other prestigious branch, sharpening your math skills is must. But before you panic over those dreaded equations, let’s break it down. Improving numerical skills for AFCAT 2025 doesn’t have to feel like climbing Mount Everest. With the right strategies, even complex calculations can seem like a breeze. Understanding the AFCAT Numerical Ability Section Alright, let’s talk about what’s actually tested. The numerical ability section in AFCAT focuses on testing basic mathematical concepts. You’ll come across questions on: Arithmetic (percentage, ratio, profit and loss) Algebra and equations Time, speed, and distance Number systems Basic geometry Now, the tricky part isn’t always the math itself—it’s the time limit. You’ve got to be quick, accurate, and strategic. Think of this section like a puzzle: it’s solvable, but only if you know the rules. And here’s a pro tip: AFCAT doesn’t aim to trick you, but it rewards clarity and practice. So, if you’re weak in, say, percentages or time and work, don’t skip it. Tackle those weaknesses head-on because the questions are pretty predictable once you understand the patterns. Why Strong Numerical Skills Matter in AFCAT Ever wondered why math plays such a crucial role in AFCAT? It’s not just about solving sums. This section reflects how sharp your logical thinking and decision-making abilities are. Here’s why numerical ability is non-negotiable: Time Management: Strong math skills allow you to save precious seconds on each question. This extra time can be spent revising or tackling tougher sections. Practical Applications: Whether it’s in-flight calculations or strategic planning, the numerical foundation you build now will benefit your career in the Air Force. Confidence Booster: Let’s be real—nothing feels better than breezing through a section you once struggled with. Mastering numerical skills gives you a massive confidence boost for the entire exam. So, even if you’re someone who dreads math, remember, this isn’t about genius-level calculations. It’s about being consistent and methodical. Effective Strategies to Improve Numerical Skills Improving numerical skills isn’t a one-size-fits-all approach. Here’s how you can make steady progress: 1. Start Small and Build Up Begin with the basics. If you’re rusty on fundamental concepts like fractions or percentages, don’t jump into advanced problems right away. Use beginner-friendly resources like NCERT textbooks or online tutorials to strengthen your foundation. 2. Set a Practice Schedule problems. Break it down: 10 minutes for basic calculations 15 minutes for solving 5-6 practice questions 5 minutes for analyzing mistakes 3. Solve Previous Years’ Papers AFCAT is known for its predictable patterns. Solving past papers gives you an edge, as it helps identify common question types and difficulty levels. 4. Develop Mental Math Tricks Speed matters, and mental math can save you time. For example: To quickly calculate 15% of 240, break it into smaller chunks: 10% of 240 is 24, and 5% is 12. Add them up: 24 + 12 = 36. Mastering tricks like these can be a game-changer in the exam. Common Mistakes to Avoid While Preparing Sometimes, what you don’t do is just as important as what you do. Let’s tackle a few common pitfalls: Skipping BasicsDiving straight into advanced problems might feel productive, but it’s a recipe for confusion. Always start with the fundamentals. Ignoring Weak AreasGot a fear of geometry? Don’t avoid it. Use it as an opportunity to grow. Spend extra time on topics you struggle with instead of over-relying on your strengths. Overlooking Time ManagementPracticing without timing yourself can be disastrous. Simulate exam conditions while practicing to ensure you can complete the section within the given time frame. Relying Solely on MemorizationWhile formulas are important, understanding their application is key. Don’t just memorize; practice using them in varied scenarios. Let’s be honest—improving numerical skills can feel overwhelming, especially if math isn’t your strong subject. But guess what? You’re not alone. Most AFCAT aspirants face the same challenges, and many overcome them with persistence. Think of each solved problem as a small victory. Also, don’t shy away from asking for help. Sometimes, a friend’s explanation can simplify what a textbook complicates. Final Thoughts: How to Improve Numerical Skills for AFCAT 2025? Improving numerical skills for AFCAT 2025 is less about natural talent and more about structured effort. Start with the basics, practice consistently, and keep an eye on the common pitfalls. Remember, every minute you invest in mastering this section brings you closer to your dream of acing AFCAT. So, take a deep breath and get started. Your journey might be challenging, but the rewards are more than worth it. After all, the Air Force doesn’t just look for knowledge—it seeks determination, resilience, and strategy. You may also like :- Is the NDA Exam Only for Science Students? Difference Between Air Force X Group and Y Group: Which One to Choose? 5 Airforce Y Group Mock Test Free PDF Download FAQ: How to Improve Numerical Skills for AFCAT 2025? Q1: Why is the numerical ability section important in AFCAT? The numerical ability section tests your mathematical skills, logical reasoning, and time management. It reflects your ability to think quickly and solve problems, which are essential qualities for a career in the Air Force. Scoring well in this section boosts your overall performance and confidence during the exam. Q2: What topics are covered in the AFCAT numerical ability section? The AFCAT numerical ability section typically includes: Arithmetic (percentages, profit & loss, averages, etc.) Time and work Time, speed, and distance Number systems Algebra Basic geometry and mensuration Focusing on these topics ensures a solid foundation for the exam. Q3: How can I start improving my numerical skills for AFCAT 2025? Begin with the basics. Strengthen your understanding of fundamental concepts like fractions, decimals, and percentages. Then, gradually move on to solving practice problems and previous years’ AFCAT question papers. Consistent practice

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Is the NDA Exam Only for Science Students?

Is the NDA Exam Only for Science Students? Table of Contents Ever wondered if your dreams of joining the armed forces through the NDA (National Defence Academy) hinge entirely on your academic stream? You’re not alone. Many aspiring candidates struggle with this question, thanks to a widespread myth that the NDA exam is exclusive to science students. It’s time to bust that misconception and reveal why this topic is crucial for anyone determined to serve the nation. Whether you’re a science, arts, or commerce student, keep reading—this might just change your perspective. What Is the NDA Exam? The NDA exam offers a career in Indian armed forces. Conducted by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC), it selects candidates for the Army, Navy, and Air Force wings of the NDA. Let’s break it down: NDA exam Age Limit : Candidates aged 16.5 to 19.5 years are eligible. Nationality: You must be an Indian citizen (or a subject of Bhutan, Nepal, or a Tibetan refugee who settled in India before January 1, 1962). Educational Requirements: For the Army Wing, a 10+2 qualification from any stream suffices. For the Air Force and Navy Wings, you need Physics and Mathematics in 10+2. So, while certain roles require a science background, the Army Wing is open to students from all academic streams. Common Misconception: NDA Is Only for Science Students The idea that the NDA exam is solely for science students has been around for ages. But why? Origins of the Myth This belief likely stems from the exam pattern itself. With sections covering mathematics and general ability, students often assume only science students can pass the exam. Plus, since Physics and Mathematics are mandatory for specific roles, the confusion persists. Why Does This Belief Stick? Lack of Awareness: Many schools and coaching centers fail to highlight opportunities for non-science students. Peer Influence: Often, students hear from seniors or friends that the NDA is “not their cup of tea” if they don’t have a science background. Who Can Apply for the NDA Exam? The real question is: who can’t apply? Unless you’re outside the age range or don’t meet nationality criteria, the NDA welcomes aspirants from all streams. Here’s the breakdown: Science Students: Perfectly suited for all three wings. Commerce Students: Eligible for the Army Wing. Arts Students: Also eligible for the Army Wing. Side Note: Some candidates hesitate because of the math section, but let’s be real—basic math isn’t rocket science. With consistent practice, anyone can ace it. Exam Pattern and Syllabus The NDA exam pattern is designed to evaluate a candidate’s overall aptitude. Here’s a quick breakdown: Mathematics: Topics like algebra, trigonometry, and calculus. 120 questions worth 300 marks. General Ability Test (GAT): Divided into English and General Knowledge sections. Covers current affairs, science, history, and geography. Remember, even non-science students can master the syllabus with smart strategies. Focus on areas like history and current affairs in GAT while giving extra attention to math basics. Click Here To Download NDA exam Syllabus PDF 2025 Preparing for the NDA Exam Without a Science Background Think you’re at a disadvantage without a science background? Think again. Here’s how non-science students can gear up: Understand the Exam: Familiarize yourself with the syllabus and weightage of topics. Strengthen Basics: Especially in math, focus on foundational concepts. Leverage Strengths: Arts and commerce students often excel in GAT, especially in English and social sciences. Practice Regularly: Mock tests and previous years’ question papers are your best friends. Click here to download 16 free NDA mock test pdf for your exam preparation Also read Important Tips for Non-Maths Students to Prepare for the NDA Exam Debunking Other Myths About the NDA Exam Myth 1: NDA Is Only for Boys This outdated belief needs to go, Since 2021, the NDA has opened its doors to female candidates, marking a historic step toward inclusivity. Girls, if you’ve got the grit and determination, the NDA is waiting for you. Myth 2: Only Toppers Can Crack the Exam Nope. Success in the NDA exam isn’t about being a topper; it’s about preparation and persistence. Many average students have cleared it by focusing on their strengths and working on their weaknesses. Side Note: Confidence holds more weight than academic scores when it comes to the SSB interview stage. Conclusion To answer the big question—Is the NDA Exam Only for Science Students? absolutely not. While certain roles require a science background, the Army Wing offers a level playing field for candidates from all streams. Your determination, discipline, and preparation matter far more than your academic stream. So don’t let myths or misconceptions hold you back. Whether you’re from science, commerce, or arts, if you’ve got the passion to serve, the NDA is for you. Ready to start your journey? FAQ: Is the NDA Exam Only for Science Students? 1. Can commerce or arts students apply for the NDA exam? Absolutely, Commerce and arts students are eligible to apply for the NDA exam, specifically for the Army Wing. The Navy and Air Force wings, however, require Physics and Mathematics in your 10+2. 2. Is it harder for non-science students to clear the NDA exam? Not really. While the Mathematics section may seem challenging, non-science students can excel with consistent practice and a focus on foundational concepts. Many candidates from arts and commerce backgrounds have successfully cleared the exam. 3. Does the NDA syllabus favor science students? The syllabus is designed to test general aptitude, with sections like English, General Knowledge, and Mathematics. While science students may find math familiar, subjects like history, geography, and current affairs level the playing field for non-science aspirants. 4. Why do people think the NDA exam is only for science students? This misconception arises because roles in the Navy and Air Force wings require a science background. However, the Army Wing welcomes candidates from any stream, making this belief outdated and inaccurate. 5. Can girls apply for the NDA exam? Yes, they can, since 2021, female candidates have been eligible to apply for the

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CDS Exam Pattern 2024, Marking Scheme IMA, INA, AFA and OTA

Table of Contents

Introduction

CDS Exam Pattern 2024 - Written Test

CDS Exam Pattern For Indian Naval Academy (INA), Indian Military Academy(IMA), and Air Force Academy(AFA)

CDS Exam Pattern for Officers’ Training Academy (OTA)

Marking Scheme For CDS Exam 2024

CDS Syllabus 2024

English

General Knowledge

Elementary Mathematics

CDS exam Syllabus for OTA

FAQ

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How to Improve Reasoning for AFCAT Exam

How to Improve Numerical Skills for AFCAT 2025?

Is the NDA Exam Only for Science Students?

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